Thursday, 20 February 2020


T.Y.B.Com Question Bank (Sem VI)
Business Economics

Q.1)   Explain the comparative cost theory propounded by David Ricardo.
Q.2)   Explain the modern theory of international trade.         
Q.3)   Explain single factoral and double factoral terms of trade with limitations. 
Q.4)   Explain Net Barter Terms of Trade and Income Terms of Trade.      
Q.5)   Explain the factors affecting terms of trade.
Q.6)   Explain the gains from international trade with the help of offer curve.                        
Q.7)   Explain the concept and structure of balance of payments.
Q.8)   Explain the concept of disequilibrium in balance of payment? What are the causes of
          disequilibrium in the balance of payment?  
Q.9)   What are the measures to be undertaken to correct balance of payment
          disequilibrium  
Q.10) Discuss the arguments in favour of and against free trade policy.
Q.11) Discuss the arguments in favour of and against Protectionism trade policy.
Q.12) What do you mean by tariff barriers to trade? Discuss the types of tariffs.
Q.13) Explain the economic effects of import tariffs.
Q.14) Explain different Non- Tariff Barriers.
Q.15) Explain different types of quotas and what are the economic effects of quotas?
Q.17) Explain types of international economic integrations.
Q.18) Explain in detail WTO agreement with respect to TRIPs, TRIMs and GATs.           
Q.19) What is foreign exchange market? Who are its participants ?
Q.20) Write a short note on Dealers in Foreign Exchange Market.
Q.21) Explain the case for and against flexible exchange rate system
Q.22) Write short note on: Spot and Forward exchange rate.
Q.23) Write Short notes on: Arbitrageurs / Arbitrage.  
Q.24) What is foreign exchange rate? How it is determined? 
Q.25) Explain the Purchasing Power Parity theory of exchange rate and bring out its
          limitations
Q.26) Explain the role of Central Bank in foreign exchange market.
Q.27) Compare the classical theory of international trade & modern theory.
Q.28) What is commercial trade policy? What are its objectives?     
Q.29) Write a short note on Brexit.                     
Q.30) What are the functions of a foreign exchange market?
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Human Resource Management (HRM)

Q.1)   Define Human Resource Management (HRM). Explain its features.
Q.2)   Explain the significance of HRM. 
Q.3)   Explain the different functions / Scope of HRM.
Q.4)   Explain different components of Job analysis.
Q.5)   What is meant by Recruitment? State the sources of Recruitment   
Q.6)   State the Steps involved in Selection process.              
Q.7)   Discus the steps involved in Human Resource Planning (HRP).
Q.8)   What is mean by Human Resource Development? State its Scope/Functions.
Q.9)   Explain different Methods of training.
Q.10) What is the meaning of Potential Appraisal? Explain its importance.
Q.11) What do you mean by Performance Appraisal? Explain benefits / Uses of
          Performance appraisal.
Q.12) What are the limitations of Performance Appraisal?     
Q.13) Explain different techniques of Performance Appraisal.
Q.14) What do you mean by Career Planning and Development?    Explain its
          importance.      
Q.15) What do you mean by Succession Planning. Explain need for Succession planning.
Q.16) What is the meaning of Mentoring? Explain the importance of mentoring.
Q.17) What is Counseling? Explain techniques of Counseling.
Q.18) What do you mean by human relations? Explain its significance.
Q.19) What do you mean by leadership? Explain transactional leadership.
Q.20) Define motivation. Explain Maslow’s need hierarchy theory of motivation.
Q.21) Explain the Mc Gregor’s Theory X and Theory Y.         
Q.22) Explain Pink’s theory of Motivation.
Q.23) What is employee morale? Describe the factors influencing employee morale.      
Q.24) What is employee grievance? Explain the causes of employee grievance.             
Q.25) Discuss the employee Grievance handling process.
Q.26) What is Emotional Quotient (EQ) ? Explain the factors influencing emotional
          quotient.    
Q.27) Discuss employee health and safety measures.
Q.28) What is innovative culture? Explain the need of innovative culture in an organization.
Q.29) Write a short note on Job Design
Q.30) What is meant by Human Resource Information System (HRIS)? Explain its
          importance.
Q.31) Write a note on Learning Organizations.
Q.32) Write a short note on: Managing Workforce Diversity and Downsizing.
Q.33) What do you mean by Competencies? Explain the classification of Competencies. 
Q.34) Explain Employee Absenteeism. What are its causes? 
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Marketing Research (M.R)

Q.1)   Write a short note on Product Research.
Q.2)   Explain the Steps in new product development.
Q.3)   What are the merits and Limitations of test marketing?
Q.4)   Explain the methods of conducting product research.
Q.5)   What do you mean by Brand research? Explain its need and importance.
Q.6)   Explain the different components of brand. 
Q.7)   Write a short note on Packaging Research
Q.8)   Explain the importance of Price Research. 
Q.9)   Write short note on Methods of Conducting Pricing Research.
Q.10) Explain different types of Distribution Channels.
Q.11) Explain the need and importance of Supply Chain Research.
Q.12) Explain the benefits of Supply chain Management.
Q.13) Explain the Components of Supply Chain Management.
Q.14) What do you mean by Promotion Research? Explain its need and importance.
Q.15) Explain the Areas of advertising research.
Q.16) What are various pre-testing methods of testing advertising effectiveness?                 
Q.17) What is consumer research ? Explain its uses
Q.18) Write short note on Motivational Research.
Q.19) What are the methods of conducting Motivation Research?
Q.20) Explain the areas of Sales Research.
Q.21) Explain the features of Indian Rural Markets.
Q.22) What are the Problems of Indian Rural Markets?
Q.23) Explain the importance of marketing research in Rural marketing.
Q.24) Write short note on Sources of Data and different tools for data collection.
Q.25) Explain the importance of Physical Distribution Research.
Q.26) Explain the factors affecting Global Marketing.
Q.27) Explain the need and importance of Global Marketing Research.
Q.28) What factors are considered in organizing marketing research department?
Q.29) Critically examine the placement of Marketing research department as a part of sales
          organization.
Q.30) State the merits and demerits of In house marketing research department.            
Q.31) Explain the advantages and limitations of Professional Marketing Research agencies.
Q.32) Explain the Organization structure of marketing research department.
Q.33) Write short note on: Professional Standards
Q.34) Write short note on: Marketing Research Agencies in India.
***************

Industrial Psychology

Q.1)   What are the different types of teams?    
Q.2)   In what way does context contributes to the effectiveness of a team?
Q.3)   Briefly describe any four components of team composition that determine team
          effectiveness.         
Q.4)   Team Process is important for team effectiveness. Discuss.   
Q.5)   Define Conflict. Explain the different Perspectives of Conflict.
Q.6)   What are the three sources of Conflicts?           
Q.7)   What are the different five conflict handling intentions?
Q.8)   Discuss the various conflict management techniques.
Q.9)   What are the functional and Dysfunctional outcomes of conflicts?
Q.10) Write a short note on Distributive bargaining and Integrative bargaining.    
Q.11) What are the different steps in negotiation process?
Q.12) Define emotions and moods. Explain how emotions and moods differ from each other.
Q.13) What are the different sources of emotions and moods?
Q.14) Discuss the impact of emotions and moods on creativity, motivation and leadership.
Q.15) Define emotional intelligence. Explain in brief the arguments for and against
          emotional intelligence. 
Q.16) Explain the different forces for change in the organization.

Q.17) Define Stress. Explain in detail different causes of stress.

Q.18) Discuss consequences of stress on employees and on the organization.
Q.19) Explain the various Measures of Managing Stress.
***********************
Export Marketing

Q.1)   Explain the various Export Product Planning Decisions.
Q.2)   Explain the need and importance of Packaging.
Q.3)   Explain Labeling. What are the advantages of labeling?
Q.4)   Explain the factors determining Export Pricing.
Q.5)   Explain the different objectives of Export Pricing.         
Q.6)   Write short note on “Export Pricing Quotations”.
Q.7)   Explain factors influencing distribution channels.
Q.8)   What do you mean by Direct exporting? Explain its advantages and disadvantages.
Q.9)   What do you mean by In-Direct exporting? Explain its advantages and disadvantages.
Q.10) Distinguish between: Direct and Indirect Exporting
Q.11) Explain different components of Logistics
Q.12) Explain the need for insurance in Export Business.
Q.13) Explain the importance of Trade fairs and Exhibitions.
Q.14) Explain the benefits of Personal Selling.
Q.15) What is Export Finance? Explain the features of Pre shipment finance / Packing
          Credit.  
Q.16) What is Post - Shipment Finance? Explain its features.
Q.17) Explain the role of commercial banks in export financing
Q.18) Explain the role / functions of EXIM bank in export financing.
Q.19) Explain the role of Small Industries Development Bank of India 
Q.20) Explain the various methods of Payment in the International Marketing.
Q.21) Explain different types of Letter of Credit.
Q.22) Explain different benefits of Counter trade.
Q.23) Explain in brief the Pre Shipment Procedure.
Q.24) Explain in brief registration procedure for exporters.
Q.25) Discuss the role of Custom House Agent.
Q.26) Discuss the shipping and Customs formalities involved in exports.
Q.27) Discuss the procedure involved in realisation of Exports Proceeds. Friday
Q.28) What do you mean by Bill of Lading / Airway Bill ? Explain its importance.
Q.29) What do you mean by Certificate of Origin ? Explain its importance.
Q.30) Explain the procedure of Quality Control and Pre-Shipment  inspection.
******************

Cost Accounting

Q.1)   Explain the meaning of Joint product and by product and Distinguish between them.   
Q.2)   Write a short note on Abnormal Loss / Abnormal Gain.
Q.3)   State the advantages and Disadvantages of Marginal Costing
Q.4)   Explain the importance of BEP. What are the steps in drawing Break Even Chart?
Q.5)   Write a short note on P/V Ratio.   
Q.6)   Explain the advantages and Disadvantages of Standard Costing.    
Q.7)   Write a note on Material Variances.        
Q.8)   What do you mean by Work Certificated and Work uncertified.         
Q.9)   What do you mean by Retention Money?          
Q.10) Write Short note on Non Integrated Cost Accounting System.
Q.11) Explain different types of Control Accounts?
Q.12) What do you mean by Target Costing? What are the steps / stages in implementation
          of target costing ?       
Q.13) What are the elements of Target Costing?        
Q.14) What are the benefits of Product Life Cycle Costing?
Q.15) What is meant by Benchmarking? Explain the types of Benchmarking.
Q.16) Explain the advantages of Activity based Costing.
*******************

Financial Accounting

Q.1)   What is Amalgamation? Explain different ways of amalgamation.
Q.2)   What is Purchase Consideration? Explain the different methods of calculation of
          purchase consideration.
Q.3)   Distinguish between Purchase Method and Merger Method.
Q.4)   Explain how accounting of foreign currency transaction differs from transaction in
          home currency.       
Q.5)   Write a note on monetary and Non Monetary items.    
Q.6)   Write short note of Foreign Exchange fluctuation Account.   
Q.7)   State restrictions and conditions placed under Companies Act on payment of
          underwriting commission?
Q.8)   Write a short note on Types of Underwriting.
Q.9)   Discuss the procedure of calculation of Net Liability of underwriters.
Q.10) What do you mean by LLP? Explain its features.
Q.11) Explain the procedure for incorporation of a Limited Liability Partnership .
Q.12) Write a short note on Contribution. 
Q.13) Write a short note on Designated partner. 
Q.14) Write a short note on Liquidators Final Statement of Accounts.
Q.15) Explain the preferential creditors as given under the Companies Act 2013.
Q.16) What are the various lists that are to be attached to the Statement of Affairs?
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Goods and Services Tax (GST)

Q.1)   Explain benefits of GST.
Q.2)   Define and Explain Business
Q.3)   Define and Explain Goods
Q.4)   Define Electronic Commerce Operator
Q.5)   Write a short note on : Nonresident Taxable Person
Q.6)   Define Person
Q.7)   State any five Exempt Services.
Q.8)   Explain Scope of Supply.
Q.9)   Define Supplier.
Q.10) Write a note on Composite and Mixed Supplies.
Q.11) Write a note on Composition levy.
Q.12) Explain the Eligibility of taking Input tax credit
Q.13) Explain cases where ITC is not available.
Q.14) Write a note on Electronic Cash Ledger.
Q.15) Write a note on Electronic Credit Ledger.
Q.16) Write a note on Electronic Liability Register.
Q.17) Explain the persons liable for registration.
Q.18) Write a note on Persons not liable for registration.
Q.19) Write a note on Compulsory Registration.
Q.20) Write a short note on Aggregate Turnover.
Q.21) Write a note on Order of Input Tax Credit Set off
Q.22) Write a note on Place of Supply of goods.
Q.23) Write a snort note on Time of Supply. 
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Monday, 22 October 2018

T.Y.B.Com. Question Bank (SemV) 2019-2020



T.Y. B.Com. 2019-2020
Question Bank (SEM V)
Business Economics

Q.1 Explain the important policy changes in New Economic Policy 
   1991
Q.2 Discuss the important government policies and programmes in the area of education.
Q.3 Discuss the important government policies and programmes in 
    the area of health and family welfare
Q.4 What do you mean by sustainable Development? Explain the recent sustainable development initiatives in India?
Q.5 Discuss the Government of India’s make in India initiative.
Q.6 What do you mean by Foreign Direct Investment? Explain the 
    various advantages / benefits of foreign direct investment.
Q.7 Discuss the India’s Foreign Direct Investment policy.
Q.8 Bring out the main objectives and features of National 
    Agricultural Policy, 2000.
Q.9 Discuss the government measures to stabilize agricultural prices.
Q.10 Explain the various Institutional and Non Institutional sources 
     of Agricultural Finance in India and bring out their relative 
     importance
Q.11 What are the measures / steps taken by Government to solve marketing problems. 
Q.12 Write Short note on : Marketing Enabling environment. 
Q.13 Write Short note on : Recent development in agricultural 
     marketing. 
Q.14 Explain the Industrial Growth since 1991.
Q.15 What are the salient features of Competition Act 2002?
Q.16 What policy measures have been adopted by the government in 
     the area of disinvestment ?
Q.17 Critically evaluate the progress made in the disinvestment process in India.
Q.18 Discuss the role of Micro & Small Scale enterprises in Indian 
     Economy.
Q.19 Discuss the recent policies & measures taken by the government 
     for development of MSME sector.
Q.20 What are the effects of industrial pollution?
Q.21 Discuss the measures to control industrial pollution in India.
Q.22 Disuses the important trends in the Indian healthcare industry 
     since 1991.
Q.23 Disuses the important trends in the Indian tourism industry.
Q.24 Explain briefly progress of commercial banks after liberalization (1991).
Q.25 Bring out the measures of operational technology introduced in banking system in recent years.
Q.26 Discuss the issues and challenges of banking sector in India.
Q.27 Explain the recent trends in Insurance industry in India.
Q.28 Explain the issues and challenges of insurance industry in India.     
Q.29 Outline the important defects of Indian money market.
Q.30 Discuss the structure or components of Indian money market.
Q.31 What measures have been introduced in recent years to reform the Indian money market ?   
Q.32 Explain the growth of Indian Capital Market.
Q.33 Examine the various Capital market reforms introduced in India.
Q.34 Discuss the Government of India’s Skill India and Invest India initiatives 
******



Marketing

Q.1 What do you mean by Marketing?  Explain its Features.
Q.2 Explain the important functions of marketing. 
Q.3 Explain briefly the different concepts of marketing.
Q.4 Explain the steps in the process of marketing research. 
Q.5 What are the Components of MIS?                  
Q.6 Explain the factors influencing Consumer Behaviour. 
Q.7 What is Market Segmentation? Discuss its importance. 
Q.8 What are the bases of market segmentation?           
Q.9 What do you mean by Data Mining? Explain its importance.
Q.10 Define Market targeting. Discuss the five patterns of target 
    market selection.
Q.11 What are the various Elements / Components of Marketing 
    Mix?  
Q.12 Explain the importance of Marketing Mix.
Q.13 Explain the different areas of Product decisions.           
Q.14 Explain the different stages in product life cycle  
Q.15 What do you mean by Branding? Explain the different 
     components of brand 
Q.16 What is Brand Equity? Explain the different factors 
     influencing brand equity.
Q.17 Explain the Essentials / Requisites of Goods packaging.  
Q.18 Discuss the different Product positioning strategies. 
Q.19 Discuss the importance of Service of positioning. Explain the 
     challenges involved in service positioning.
Q.20 What do you mean by Pricing? Explain its objectives. 
Q.21 Explain the different factors influencing pricing. 
Q.22 Discuss the factors influencing selection of distribution 
     channel.  
Q.23 Explain the different types of Distribution Channels for 
     consumer goods.              
Q.24 What is Supply Chain Management (SCM)? Explain its 
     components
Q.25 What do you mean by Promotion Mix? Explain its 
     importance.   
Q.26 Explain the main Elements of Promotion Mix.   
Q.27 Describe the various elements / components of Integrated Marketing Communication.        
Q.28 Explain the importance of Integrated Marketing 
     Communication
Q.29 What is Sales Management? Explain its components.
Q.30 Discuss the emerging trends in selling.                  
Q.31 What is personal selling? Explain the stages in the process of 
     personal selling.
Q.32 What is ethics in marketing? Explain unethical practices 
     adopted by marketers
Q.33 Discuss the competitive strategies for market leader and market challenger.
Q.34 What is rural market? Discuss the features of rural markets in 
     India.
Q.35 Explain the strategies for effective rural marketing.
Q.36 Explain the trends in digital marketing.
Q.37 What is Green Marketing? Explain the importance of Green 
     Marketing.
Q.38 Discuss the challenges faced by marketing managers in 21st 
     century.
Q.39 Explain the career options in marketing.
Q.40 Explain the factors responsible for success of brands in India.

******




Financial Accounting

Q1. Write short note on Cum interest and Ex-interest transactions in       investment Accounting.
Q2 Write Short note on Bonus Shares and Right Shares.     
Q3. Explain the legal provisions regarding buy back of shares as per the companies Act 2013.      
Q4. Explain the sources of Buy back of shares.    
Q5. Write Short note on Internal Reconstruction.
Q6. Write a short note on Sub division and Consolidation of Shares.
Q.7 Explain in brief Disclosure requirements of Schedule III in respect of Reserves and Surplus.
Q.8 Explain in brief Disclosure requirements of Schedule III in respect of Short term Borrowings and Other Current liabilities.
Q.9 Write Short not on: Contingent Liability
Q.10 Explain the term Tangible Fixed assets, Intangible fixed Assets and Fictitious Assets giving suitable examples.
Q.11 Write Short note on Ethical behavior.    
Q.12 What is the relevance of Ethical behavior for Accountants?
Q.13 What are the principles of Accounting and Finance ethics?
Q.14 What are the fundamental principles of IFAC code of ethics?
Q.15 What are the ethical issues for Accountants?
Q.16 Write a detailed note on increasing Role of Whistle Blowing.
Q.17 Write a short note on Company Code of ethics.

******




Marketing Research


Q.1 What is Marketing Research ? Explain its features.
Q.2 Explain Functions of Marketing Research.
Q.3 Explain the importance of Marketing Research
Q.4 What are the Demerits of Marketing Research ?
Q.5 Explain in brief different steps in Marketing Research Process.
Q.6 What is Research Design ? Discuss the main steps involved in the construction of research design?
Q.7 Explain the career options available in Marketing Research.
Q.8 Explain the Ethics in Marketing Research.
Q.9 Explain the need for Marketing Information System
Q.10 What are the components of MIS? 
Q.11 Dist. Between : Marketing Information System and Marketing Research.    
Q.12 What do you mean by Decision Support system ? Explain its importance / Objectives
Q.13 What is Research Design? Explain its features and importance.
Q.14 Write short note on “ Steps / Procedure in the construction of Research Design.”
Q.15 Explain the importance of hypothesis.
Q.16 Explain Procedure for Preparing Questionnaire.
Q.17 Wrote a note on: essentials of good questionnaire
Q.18 What is Questionnaire ? What are its merits & demerits ?
Q.19 What is Sampling ? What are its merits & demerits?
Q.20 What are the Steps in Sampling Process ?
Q.21 What is Primary Data ? What are its advantages and Disadvantages?
Q.22 Write note on “Types of Personal Interview”.
Q.23 What are the Merits & Demerits of Mail Survey ?    
Q.24 Explain the various methods of observation for data collection.     
Q.25 Write Short Note on Types of Consumer Panel.
Q.26 Write short note on Online interviews and E-mail interviews.
Q.27 What do you mean by Secondary Data? Explain its merits and Demerits.
Q.28 Explain the Major Sources of Secondary Data available in India for marketing research purpose.         
Q.29 What do you mean by Qualitative Research? Explain its merits and Demerits.
Q.30 What do you mean by Quantitative Research? Explain its merits and Demerits.
Q.31 What do you mean by Integrating technology in data collection? Explain its different methods.
Q.32 Explain the various stages of Data processing in brief.  
Q.33 Explain the general guidelines for coding / codification
Q.34 What is Analysis of Data? Explain the procedure of analyzing data.
Q.35 What do you mean by interpretation of data? Explain its need.
Q.36 Outline in detail step-by-step the procedure of interpretation of data. 
Q.37 Explain the Types of Research reports.  
Q.38 Give in brief the format of a Research Report.
******


Direct Taxes

Q1   Definition of Person.
Q2   Definition of Assessment year.
Q3   Explain the Conditions Regarding Residential Status
Q4   Describe any seven exemptions u/s. 10 of Income Tax Act, 1961  
Q5   Write a note of Perquisites.
Q6   Explain deductions from salary.
Q7   Write a note on Gratuity.
Q8   Explain Deductions from House property.
Q9   Explain computation of Gross and Net Annual Value
Q10 Write a note on Deemed to Let out property.
Q11 Write a note on Deductions Allowed from Income from              Business or Profession.
Q12 Define Capital Assets.
Q13 Explain any eight items of Income from other sources.  
Q14 Explain Deduction in respect of Savings (Section 80C)
Q15 Explain Deduction in respect of Medical Insurance Premium.
Q16 Explain Maintenance of Handicapped Dependent U/s 
        80 DD.

******
Cost Accounting

Q.1 Distinguish Between Financial Accounting and Cost   Accounting?
Q.2 What are the advantages  / necessity (importance) of   cost accounting?
Q.3 What is the Classification of Cost by Behaviour  (Variability).
Q.4  Explain the classification on the basis of Elements.    
Q.5  Explain the terms Cost Unit and Cost Centre.               
Q.6  Write short note on Direct Costs.                                     
Q.7  Write short note on Limitation of Financial      
       Accounting.           
Q.8 Enumerate the reasons for differences between 
       Financial Profit and Cost Profit.
Q.9 What is Material Control? What are its objectives &  
       advantages?
Q.10Explain the procedure involved is receipt of materials? Describe any one procedure  in detail.
Q.11 Explain how inventory control is achieved through store / Stock levels?
Q.12 Explain how inventory control is achieved through  
         Economic order quantity [EQQ]                    
Q.13 What is ABC classification? What are its advantages?  
Q.14 Write a short note on Bin Card.                                
Q.15 What do you mean by Inventory turnover ratio? 
         What are the objectives? 
Q.16 Write short note on “Idle Time”
Q.17 Write short note on “Abnormal Idle Time of Labour.”
Q.18 What are the causes of “Labour Turnover”        
Q.19 Write short note on “Time rate wage system”
Q.20 Write a note on “Halsey Premium System.”
Q.21 Write a note on “Taylor’s Differential Piece 
         Rate System”.
Q.22 Write a note on “Gant Task Bonus Plan”.           
Q.23 What do you mean by Overheads? Explain the 
        different classification of overheads.
Q.24 What is Under Absorption & Over Absorption of 
        Overheads?
******



Psychology at work (I.P)


Q.1 Who is manager? Explain the different functions of manager.
Q.2  What are the different roles that a manager has to play.
Q.3  What are the different skills that a manager needs to posses to become a good manager.
Q.4 Why are globalization and temporariness seen as a challenge for modern manager.
Q.5 Why are work force diversity and work life balance considered as challenge by modern mangers?
Q.6 How do managers create a positive work environment and ethically work climate?          
Q.7 What is attitude? Explain the different components of Attitude.
Q.8 Explain in brief job involvement and organizational commitment.
Q.9 What is job satisfaction? What are different ways of measuring job satisfaction.
Q.10 Explain the impact of job satisfaction.
Q.11 How does job satisfaction affect workplace deviance and organizational citizenship behavior?
Q.12 How does job satisfaction affect employee 
         absenteeism, turnover and performances. 
Q.13 Explain in brief Maslow’s hierarchy of need theory.
Q.14 Explain Fredrick Herzberg’s two factor model.
Q.15 Explain McClelland’s theory of needs.
Q.16 Explain the Goal setting theory of motivation.
Q.17 Explain the X and Y theory and Equity of        
         motivation.
Q.18 Discuss in brief the Behavioral theories of 
         leadership.           
Q.19 Explain in brief Fred Fiedler’s contingency model 
         of leadership.
Q.20 What are the key characteristics of charismatic 
         leaders and how do they influence their followers.
Q.21 Explain in brief transactional leadership and 
         transformation leadership.

******